The efficacy of Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition (S.M.I) and Upper Cervical Manipulation (U.C.M) affecting hamstring resting tension.
Item
- Title
- The efficacy of Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition (S.M.I) and Upper Cervical Manipulation (U.C.M) affecting hamstring resting tension.
- Author(s)
- Evans, L
- Abstract
- Introduction: SMI and UCM are approaches commonly used in osteopathic treatment, literature claims to have an effect on hamstring flexibility and hip ROM. However limited literature exists regarding technique effectiveness when compared. Hamstrings are important because of their vulnerability to injury and accompaniment with certain MS disorder, highlighting the need for non local treatment to decrease hamstring tonus AIM: The aim of this small-scale double blinded study was to determine whether Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition (SMI) and Upper Cervical Manipulation (UCM) have an impact on hamstring muscle flexibility and discover which technique is most effective, is any. Muscle resting tension (tonus) was assessed using a Myotonometer. Methods: Forty-five male and female students from the European School of Osteopathy, of a mean age of 25 years took part in this study. Subjects were randomly divided into three equal size groups (SMI, UCM and Placebo). Muscle stiffness (resting muscle tension) was quantified using an Electromyotonometer (EMT), which was used to obtain force compliance curves of two measurement sites per leg before and after treatment. Anthropomorphic data such as subjects' weight (kg), height (cm), BMI and age were also obtained. The Null-hypothesis investigated in this study where: HO Primary: "there will be a statistically significant difference in hamstring resting tension after SMI and or UCM" HO Secondary: "there will be a statistically significant difference in efficacy between UCM and SMI regarding hamstring resting tension". HO Tertiary: "there will be a statistically significant difference in hamstring resting tension left to right after SMI and or UCM" HO Quaternary: "there will be a statistically significant difference in resting tension of SM/T and BF after SMI and or UCM" HO Quinquennial: "there will be a statistically significant difference in hamstring resting tension when comparing sex after SMI and or UCM" Result: Results demonstrate no significant difference in hamstring resting tension regarding before and after measurements after application of both SMI and UCM, or efficacy of techniques before and after (ANOVA). However regarding average differences UCM was most effective. No significant difference was demonstrated before/after when comparing left and right legs, comparing efficacy of techniques on either leg and when comparing males and females. However statistical tests (Paired t-test) demonstrated a significant difference regarding SM/T and BF after application of techniques in the placebo group alone p=0.01. With a small effect size and statistical power the Paired t-test did not demonstrate that UCM had a greater effect on hamstring resting tension than SMI. Therefore EMT measurements were inconclusive in determining effectiveness of SMI and UCM on hamstring resting tension as measured by calculating the area under the compliance curve obtained by an EMT. Further studies using better sample and experimental conditions should improve the power of the study Symptomatic participants with a limited SLR should be included with extra field tests to see if there is a difference in tolerance to stretch and not just visco-elastic changes. Boolean Logics:Databases and search engines used were Google scholar, sciverse and SwetsWise with Boolean logic: C2 and dura, dural attachment and C2, peer reviewed + C2 manipulation, upper cervical spine manipulation, HVT risks, neurophysiology + spinal HVT, spinal manipulation + peripheral joint ROM, neurophysiology of inhibition, HVT and Inhibition, for more Boolean logic (See appendix H5) Articles were retrieved using library software (ALICE) and similar Boolean Logic. Peer reviewed articles and journals were used to increase research validity.
- presented at
- European School of Osteopathy
- Date Accepted
- 2013
- Date Submitted
- 20.1.2015 16:42:57
- Type
- osteo_thesis
- Language
- English
- Submitted by:
- 62
- Pub-Identifier
- 15447
- Inst-Identifier
- 1229
- Keywords
- Myotonometer and hamstring tension.
- Recommended
- 0
- Item sets
- Thesis
Evans, L, “The efficacy of Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition (S.M.I) and Upper Cervical Manipulation (U.C.M) affecting hamstring resting tension.”, Osteopathic Research Web, accessed May 17, 2024, https://www.osteopathicresearch.com/s/orw/item/717